INTRODUCTION :-
A helicopter is a type of rotorcraft in which lift and thrust are supplied by rotors. This allows the helicopter to take off and land vertically, to hover,
and to fly forwards, backwards, and laterally. These attributes allow
helicopters to be used in congested or isolated areas where fixed-wing aircraft
would usually not be able to take off or land. The capability to hover
efficiently for extended periods of time allows a helicopter to
accomplish tasks that fixed-wing aircraft and other forms of vertical takeoff and landing aircraft cannot perform.
USES & TYPES :-
A helicopter used to carry loads connected to long cables or slings is called an aerial crane.
Aerial cranes are used to place heavy equipment, like radio
transmission towers and large air conditioning units, on the tops of
tall buildings, or when an item must be raised up in a remote area, such
as a radio tower raised on the top of a hill or mountain. Helicopters
are used as aerial cranes in the logging industry to lift trees out of
terrain where vehicles cannot travel and where environmental concerns
prohibit the building of roads.These operations are referred to as longline because of the long, single sling line used to carry the load.
The most grand-scale single non-combat helicopter operation in history was the disaster management operation following the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear disaster. Hundreds of pilots were involved in airdrop and observation missions, making dozens of sorties a day for several months.
THE LIST OF TOP TEN HELICOPTERS :-
10) BELL 47 :-
| Role | Multipurpose light helicopter |
|---|---|
| Manufacturer | Bell Helicopters |
| Designer | Arthur M. Young |
| First flight | 8 December 1945 |
| Introduction | 1946 |
| Primary users | United States Army British Army |
| Produced | 1946-1974 |
| Number built | 5,600 |
| Developed from | Bell Model 30 |
| Variants | H-13 Sioux Bell 47J Ranger Kawasaki KH-4 |
SPECS :-
General characteristics
- Crew: 1 or 2
- Capacity: 1 passenger or 2 litters
- Length: 31 ft 7 in (9.63 m)
- Rotor diameter: 37 ft 2 in (11.32 m)
- Height: 9 ft 3 in (2.83 m)
- Disc area: 1,085 sq ft (100.8 m²)
- Empty weight: 1,893 lb (858 kg)
- Useful load: 1,057 lb (482 kg)
- Max. takeoff weight: 2,950 lb (1,340 kg)
- Powerplant: 1 × Lycoming TVO-435-F1A flat, six-cylinder, reciprocating engine, 280 hp (210 kW)
- Maximum speed: 91 knots (105 mph, 169 km/h)
- Cruise speed: 73 knots (84 mph, 135 km/h)
- Range: 214 nmi (245 mi, 395 km)
- Rate of climb: 860 ft/min (4.37 m/s)
9) FOCKE-ACHGELIS FA 223 :-
| Role | Helicopter |
|---|---|
| Manufacturer | Focke-Achgelis |
| Introduction | 1941 |
| Primary users | Luftwaffe France Czechoslovakia |
| Number built | 20 |
SPECS :-
General characteristics- Crew: 2
- Length: 12.25 m (40 ft 2 in) (fuselage length)
- Wingspan: 24.50 m (80 ft 5 in) (span over rotors)
- Height: 4.36 m (14 ft 4 in)
- Empty weight: 3,180 kg (7,011 lb)
- Gross weight: 3,860 kg (8,510 lb)
- Max takeoff weight: 4,315 kg (9,513 lb)
- Fuel capacity: 490 L (108 Imp Gal) internal + 300 L (66 Imp gal) external tank
- Powerplant: 1 × BMW Bramo 323D-2 nine-cylinder radial, 750 kW (1,000 hp) (take-off)
- Main rotor diameter: 2× 12.00 m (39 ft 4 in)
- Main rotor area: 226.00 m2 (2,432.6 sq ft)
- Maximum speed: 176 km/h (109 mph; 95 kn) at 2,000 m (6,600 ft)
- Cruising speed: 134 km/h (83 mph; 72 kn) at 2,000 m (6,600 ft)
- Range: 437 km (272 mi; 236 nmi) (internal fuel)
- Ferry range: 700 km (435 mi; 378 nmi) (with auxiliary fuel)
- Endurance: 2 hr 20 min
- Service ceiling: 4,875 m (15,994 ft) (service ceiling)
- Rate of climb: 4.1 m/s (800 ft/min) (vertical rate of climb), 5.6 m/s (1,100 ft/min) (with forward speed)
- Guns: 1 × MG 15 manually aimed from the nose.
- Bombs: 2× 250 kg (550 lb) bombs or 2 ×depth charges
8) WESTLAND LYNX :-
| Role | Multi-purpose military helicopter |
|---|---|
| National origin | United Kingdom |
| Manufacturer | Westland Helicopters AgustaWestland |
| First flight | 21 March 1971 |
| Introduction | 1978 |
| Status | In service |
| Primary users | British Army Royal Navy French Navy German Navy |
| Produced | 1978-present |
| Variants | AgustaWestland AW159 Wildcat |
| Developed into | Westland 30 |
SPECS :-
General characteristics- Crew: 2 or 3
- Capacity: 8 troops
- Payload: 1,480 kg (Brochure)
- Length: 15.241 m (50 ft)
- Rotor diameter: 12.80 m (42 ft)
- Height: 3.734 m for mk7; 3.785 m for mk9 (12.25 ft for mk7; 12.41 ft for mk9)
- Disc area: 128.71 m² (1,385 ft²)
- Empty weight: 3,291 kg (7,255 lb)
- Max. takeoff weight: 5,330 kg (11,750 lb)
- Powerplant: 2 × Rolls-Royce Gem turboshaft, 835 kW (1,120 shp) each
- Maximum speed: 324 km/h (201 mph)
- Range: 528 km (328 miles) with standard tanks
- Naval: 2 x torpedoes or 4x Sea Skua missiles or 2 x depth charges.
- Attack: 2 x 20mm cannons, 2 x 70mm rocket pods CRV7, 8 x TOW ATGM
- General: 7.62mm General Purpose Machine Guns (AH.7 and AH.9), Browning AN/M3M .50 calibre heavy machine gun (HAS.3 and HMA.8).
7) BOEING CH-4 CHINOOK :-
| Role | Transport helicopter |
|---|---|
| National origin | United States |
| Manufacturer | Boeing Rotorcraft Systems |
| First flight | 21 September 1961 |
| Introduction | 1962 |
| Status | In service |
| Primary users | United States Army
Japan Ground Self-Defense Force Royal Netherlands Air Force |
| Produced | 1962–present |
| Number built | over 1,179 |
| Unit cost | $35 million (2008) average |
| Developed from | Vertol Model 107 |
| Variants | Boeing Chinook (UK variants) |
SPECS :-
General characteristics- Crew: 3 (pilot, copilot, flight engineer)
- Capacity:
- 33–55 troops or
- 24 litters and 3 attendants or
- 28,000 lb (12,700 kg) cargo
- Length: 98 ft 10 in (30.1 m)
- Rotor diameter: 60 ft 0 in (18.3 m)
- Height: 18 ft 11 in (5.7 m)
- Disc area: 5,600 ft2 (2,800 ft2 per rotor disc) (260 m2)
- Empty weight: 23,400 lb (10,185 kg)
- Loaded weight: 26,680 lb (12,100 kg)
- Max. takeoff weight: 50,000 lb (22,680 kg)
- Powerplant: 2 × Lycoming T55-GA-714A turboshaft, 4,733 hp (3,631 kW) each
- Maximum speed: 170 knots (196 mph, 315 km/h)
- Cruise speed: 130 kt (149 mph, 240 km/h)
- Range: 400 nmi (450 mi, 741 km)
- Combat radius: 200 nmi (370.4 km)
- Ferry range: 1,216 nmi (1,400 mi, 2,252 km)
- Service ceiling: 18,500 ft (5,640 m)
- Rate of climb: 1,522 ft/min (7.73 m/s)
- Disc loading: 9.5 lb/ft2 (47 kg/m2)
- Power/mass: 0.28 hp/lb (460 W/kg
6) MIL MI-24 :-
| Role | Attack helicopter with transport capabilities |
|---|---|
| National origin | Soviet Union |
| Manufacturer | Mil |
| First flight | 19 September 1969 |
| Introduction | 1972 |
| Status | In service |
| Primary users | Russian Air Force ca. 50 other users |
| Produced | 1969–present |
| Number built | 2,300 (estimated) |
| Developed from | Mil Mi-8 |
SPECS :-
General characteristics- Crew: 2–3: pilot, weapons system officer and technician (optional)
- Capacity: 8 troops or 4 stretchers or 2400 kg (5,291 lb) cargo on an external sling
- Length: 17.5 m (57 ft 4 in)
- Rotor diameter: 17.3 m (56 ft 7 in)
- Wingspan: 6.5 m (21 ft 3 in))
- Height: 6.5 m (21 ft 3 in)
- Disc area: 235 m² (2,530 ft²)
- Empty weight: 8,500 kg (18,740 lb)
- Max. takeoff weight: 12,000 kg (26,500 lb)
- Powerplant: 2 × Isotov TV3-117 turbines, 1,600 kW (2,200 hp) each
- Maximum speed: 335 km/h (208 mph)
- Range: 450 km (280 miles)
- Service ceiling: 4,500 m (14,750 ft)
Armament
- Internal guns
-
- flexible 12.7 mm Yakushev-Borzov Yak-B Gatling gun on most variants. Maximum of 1,470 rounds of ammunition.
- fixed twin-barrel GSh-30K on the Mi-24P. 750 rounds of ammunition.
- flexible twin-barrel GSh-23L on the Mi-24VP and Mi-24VM. 450 rounds of ammunition.
- PKT passenger compartment window mounted machine guns
- External stores
-
- Total payload is 1,500 kg of external stores.
- Inner hardpoints can carry at least 500 kg
- Outer hardpoints can carry up to 250 kg
- Wing-tip pylons can only carry the 9M17 Phalanga (in the Mi-24A-D) or the 9K114 Shturm complex (in the Mi-24V-F).
- Bomb-load
-
- Bombs within weight range (presumably ZAB, FAB, RBK, ODAB etc.), Up to 500 kg.
- MBD multiple ejector racks (presumably MBD-4 with 4 × FAB-100)
- KGMU2V submunition/mine dispenser pods
- First-generation armament (standard production Mi-24D)
-
- GUV-8700 gunpod (with a 12.7 mm Yak-B + 2 × 7.62 mm GShG-7.62 mm combination or one 30 mm AGS-17)
- UB-32 S-5 rocket launchers
- S-24 240 mm rocket
- 9M17 Phalanga (a pair on each wingtip pylon)
- Second-generation armament (Mi-24V, Mi-24P and most upgraded Mi-24D)
-
- UPK-23-250 gunpod carrying the GSh-23L
- B-8V20 a lightweight long tubed helicopter version of the S-8 rocket launcher
- 9K114 Shturm in pairs on the outer and wingtip pylons
5) HUGHES OH-6 CAYUSE :-
SPECS :-
General characteristics- Crew: 2
- Length: 30 ft 10 in - 32 ft 2 in (9.4 m - 9.8 m)
- Rotor diameter: 27 ft. 4 in (8.33 m)
- Height: 8 ft 6 in - 11 ft 2 in (2.6 m - 3.4 m)
- Empty weight: 1,975 lbs (896 kg)
- Max. takeoff weight: 3,549 lbs (1,610 kg)
- Powerplant: 1 × One Allison T63-A-5A or T63-A-700 turboshaft, 317 hp (236 kW)
- Maximum speed: 152 knots (175 mph, 282 km/h)
- Cruise speed: 135 knots (155 mph, 250 km/h)
- Range: 232 nm (430 km (267 mi))
- Service ceiling: 15,994 ft (4,875 m)
- Rate of climb: 2,067 ft/min (10.5 m/s)
- Guns: Two M60 or M134 Minigun 7.62 mm machine guns; Two .50 cal (12.7 mm) MG pods
- Rockets: Fourteen 2.75 in (70 mm) Hydra 70 rockets in two pods
- Missiles: Four TOW missiles in two pods; Four Hellfire missiles in two pods
4) BELL AH-1 COBRA :-
| Role | Attack helicopter |
|---|---|
| Manufacturer | Bell Helicopter |
| First flight | 7 September 1965 |
| Introduction | 1967 |
| Status | In service |
| Primary users | United States Army Japan Self Defense Forces Republic of Korea Army Israeli Air Force |
| Produced | 1967-present |
| Number built | 1,116 |
| Unit cost | US$11.3 million (1995) (AH-1 HueyCobra) |
| Developed from | Bell UH-1 Iroquois |
| Variants | Bell AH-1 SeaCobra/SuperCobra Bell 309 KingCobra |
SPECS :-
General characteristics- Crew: 2: one pilot, one co-pilot/gunner (CPG)
- Length: 53 ft (16.2 m) (with both rotors turning)
- Rotor diameter: 44 ft (13.4 m)
- Height: 13 ft 6 in (4.12 m)
- Empty weight: 5,810 lb (2,630 kg)
- Max. takeoff weight: 9,500 lb (4,310 kg)
- Powerplant: 1 × Lycoming T53-L-13 turboshaft, 1,100 shp (820 kW)
- Rotor system: 2 blades on main rotor, 2 blades on tail rotor
- Fuselage length: 44 ft 5 in (13.5 m)
- Stub wing span: 10 ft 4 in (3.15 m)
- Never exceed speed: 190 knots (219 mph, 352 km/h)
- Maximum speed: 149 knots (171 mph, 277 km/h)
- Range: 310 nmi (357 mi, 574 km)
- Service ceiling: 11,400 ft (3,475 m)
- Rate of climb: 1,230 ft/min (6.25 m/s)
- 2 × 7.62 mm (0.308 in) multi-barrel Miniguns, or 2 × M129 40 mm Grenade launchers, or one of each, in the M28 turret. (When one of each was mounted, the minigun was mounted on the right side of the turret, due to feeding problems.)
- 2.75 in (70 mm) rockets - 7 rockets mounted in the M158 launcher or 19 rockets in the M200 launcher
- M18 7.62 mm Minigun pod or XM35 armament subsystem with XM195 20 mm cannon
3) BELL UH-1 IROQUOIS :-
| Role | Utility helicopter |
|---|---|
| Manufacturer | Bell Helicopter |
| First flight | 20 October 1956 (XH-40) |
| Introduction | 1959 |
| Status | Production completed, in service |
| Primary users | United States Army
Japan Ground Self-Defense Force
Australian Army
|
| Produced | 1956–1986 |
| Number built | >16,000 |
| Variants | UH-1N Twin Huey Bell 204/205 Bell 212 |
| Developed into | AH-1 Cobra Bell 214 |
SPECS :-
General characteristics- Crew: 1–4
- Capacity: 3,880 lb (1,760 kg) including 14 troops, or 6 stretchers, or equivalent cargo
- Length: 57 ft 1 in (17.40 m) with rotors
- Width: 8 ft 7 in (2.62 m) (Fuselage)
- Height: 14 ft 5 in (4.39 m)
- Empty weight: 5,215 lb (2,365 kg)
- Gross weight: 9,040 lb (4,100 kg)
- Max takeoff weight: 9,500 lb (4,309 kg)
- Powerplant: 1 × Lycoming T53-L-11 turboshaft, 1,100 shp (820 kW)
- Main rotor diameter: 48 ft 0 in (14.63 m)
- Maximum speed: 135 mph (217 km/h; 117 kn)
- Cruise speed: 125 mph (109 kn; 201 km/h)
- Range: 315 mi (274 nmi; 507 km)
- Service ceiling: 19,390 ft (5,910 m) (Dependent on environmental factors such as weight, outside temp., etc)
- Rate of climb: 1,755 ft/min (8.92 m/s)
- Power/mass: 0.15 hp/lb (0.25 kW/kg)
Variable, but may include a combination of:
- 2 x 7.62 mm M60 machine gun, or 2 7.62 mm GAU-17/A machine gun
- 2 x 7-round or 19-round 2.75 in (70 mm) rocket pods
- 2 x 7.62 mm Rheinmetall MG3 (German Army and German Luftwaffe)
- 2 x .303 Browning Mk II (Rhodesian, twin machine guns mounted on port side).
2) SIKORSKY UH- 60 BLACK HAWK :-
SPECS :-
General characteristics- Crew: 2 pilots (flight crew) with 2 crew chiefs/gunners
- Capacity: 2,640 lb (1,200 kg) of cargo internally, including 11 troops or 6 stretchers, or 8,000 lb (3,600 kg) (UH-60A) or 9,000 lb (4,100 kg) (UH-60L) of cargo externally
- Length: 64 ft 10 in (19.76 m)
- Fuselage width: 7 ft 9 in (2.36 m)
- Rotor diameter: 53 ft 8 in (16.36 m)
- Height: 16 ft 10 in (5.13 m)
- Disc area: 2,260 ft² (210 m²)
- Empty weight: 10,624 lb (4,819 kg)
- Loaded weight: 22,000 lb (9,980 kg)
- Max. takeoff weight: 23,500 lb (10,660 kg)
- Powerplant: 2 × General Electric T700-GE-701C turboshaft, 1,890 hp (1,410 kW) each
- Never exceed speed: 193 knots (222 mph, 357 km/h)
- Maximum speed: 159 kt (183 mph, 295 km/h)
- Cruise speed: 150 kt (173 mph, 278 km/h)
- Combat radius: 368 mi (320 nmi, 592 km)
- Ferry range: 1,380 mi (1,200 nmi, 2,220 km) with ESSS stub wings and external tanks
- Service ceiling: 19,000 ft (5,790 m)
- Rate of climb: 1,315 ft/min (4.5 m/s)
- Disc loading: 7.19 lb/ft² (35.4 kg/m²)
- Power/mass: 0.192 hp/lb (158 W/kg)
- Guns:
- 2 × 7.62 mm (0.30 in) M240H machine guns or
- 2 × 7.62 mm (0.30 in) M134 minigun or
- 2 × .50 in (12.7 mm) GAU-19 gatling guns
- Hardpoints: 4, 2 per ESSS stub wings and provisions to carry combinations of:
- Bombs: Can be equipped with VOLCANO minefield dispersal system.
1) BOOING AH -64 APACHE :-
SPECS :-
General characteristics- Crew: 2 (pilot, and co-pilot/gunner)
- Length: 58.17 ft (17.73 m) (with both rotors turning)
- Rotor diameter: 48 ft 0 in (14.63 m)
- Height: 12.7 ft (3.87 m)
- Disc area: 1,809.5 ft² (168.11 m²)
- Empty weight: 11,387 lb (5,165 kg)
- Loaded weight: 17,650 lb (8,000 kg)
- Max. takeoff weight: 23,000 lb (10,433 kg)
- Powerplant: 2 × General Electric T700-GE-701 and later upgraded to T700-GE-701C (1990–present) & T700-GE-701D (AH-64E) turboshafts, -701: 1,690 shp, −701C: 1,890 shp, −701D: 2,000 shp (-701: 1,260 kW, −701C: 1,409 kW, −701D: 1,490 kW) each
- Fuselage length: 49 ft 5 in (15.06 m)
- Rotor systems: 4 blade main rotor, 4 blade tail rotor in non-orthogonal alignment
- Never exceed speed: 197 knots (227 mph, 365 km/h)
- Maximum speed: 158 knots (182 mph, 293 km/h)
- Cruise speed: 143 knots (165 mph, 265 km/h)
- Range: 257 nmi (295 mi, 476 km) with Longbow radar mast
- Combat radius: 260 nmi (300 mi, 480 km)
- Ferry range: 1,024 nmi (1,180 mi, 1,900 km)
- Service ceiling: 21,000 ft (6,400 m) minimum loaded
- Rate of climb: 2,500 ft/min (12.7 m/s)
- Disc loading: 9.80 lb/ft² (47.9 kg/m²)
- Power/mass: 0.18 hp/lb (0.31 kW/kg)
- Guns: 1× 30 mm (1.18 in) M230 Chain Gun with 1,200 rounds as part of the Area Weapon Subsystem
- Hardpoints: Four pylon stations on the stub wings. Longbows also have a station on each wingtip for an AIM-92 ATAS twin missile pack.
- Rockets: Hydra 70 70 mm, and CRV7 70 mm air-to-ground rockets
- Missiles: Typically AGM-114 Hellfire variants; AIM-92 Stinger may also be carried.
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